Back to the video list: North American History
The last military conflict between the United States and Great Britain started in 1812. After the British-American War the two afore-mentioned nations and Canada began to form a long-term alliance.
Video
Overview
- Date: 18 Jun 1812 – 18 Feb 1815
- Location: North America
- Start: United States declare war on the United Kingdom
- End: Treaty of Ghent
Parties & Persons Involved
- United Kingdom, Canadian Militia & Indian allies
- United States of America
Background
- The United Kingdom is in war with France (Napoleonic Wars)
- The Royal Navy forcibly recruits British sailors from American ships
- British Perspective: Legitimate procedure because the sailors are British citizens
- U.S. Perspective: Violation of U.S. sovereignty because the sailors are regarded as naturalised U.S. citizens
- The British support Indian raids against the USA
- U.S. national pride demands a “Second War of Independence“ (also see:The American Revolution)
- The USA seek to extend her territory towards the west & north
History
- 18 Jun 1812: USA declare war on the UK
- 1812 – 1813: Successful single operations of the U.S. Navy
- 1812 - 1813: The Royal Navy blockades important U.S. ports
- 1812 & 1813: British troops, Canadian militias & Indians repulse several U.S. invasions, amongst others Battles of Queenstown, Chateauguay & Crysler‘s Farm
- 16 Aug 1812: The British take Detroit
- 22 - 23 Jan 1813: After the British victory in the Battle of Frenchtown Indians conduct the River Raisin Massacre & kill American prisoners of war
- 05 Oct 1813: The Indian leader Tecumseh is killed in the Battle of the Thames (U.S. victory) which leads to the de facto end of the Indian engagement in the war
- 10 Oct 1813: Oliver Hazard Perry gains control over Lake Erie
- The British withdraw from Detroit
- 18 – 19 Dec 1813: The British take Fort Niagara
- 1814: U.S. Navy continues single operations with less success
- 1814: Royal Navy blockades the entire U.S. coast
- Jul – Sep 1814: The British conquer east Maine
- 11 Sep 1814: The U.S. victory in the Battle of Plattsburgh repulses a British invasion
- 19 Aug 1814: British forces land in the Chesapeake Bay & destroy Washington
- 13 – 14 Sep 1814: The Royal Navy bombards Fort McHenry which is the origin of the U.S. National Anthem The Star-Spangled Banner
- 24 Dec 1814: The Treaty of Gent restores the status quo ante vellum; Ratified on 18 Feb 1815
- 08 Jan 1815: The Americans repulse a British attack on New Orleans
- Jan – Mar 1815: Britain launches successful amphibious operations in Georgia
Consequences & Impact
- The Treaty of Gent restores the status quo ante bellum
- Growing of U.S. national pride through the “Second War of Independence“
- Growing of the Canadian national pride because militias repulse several U.S. invasions
- Sustainable & stable friendship between the USA, Canada & the United Kingdom on a military, political & economic level
- The Indians are substantially weakened & cannot oppose the U.S. expansion to the west anymore